The Werewolf Game
Game #3066: A Day of Reckoning
This private game is moderated by christiangrl. Please read the rules and contact the moderator with any questions or concerns about this game.
This game finished in 7 rounds.
Hello newcomers, old comers, and comers that are more recent comers than old comers but still aren't quite newcomers!
Everyone is welcome! PM me or friend me if you'd like to play.
This is a somewhat average game of Werewolves eating decent Brainglers, and therefore you must stop them before you're all goners, because that's the whole point of the game, right?
Every round I will post a challenge of some sort, with a clue or immunity being the prize for the winner. I'll take suggestions as to what you might want to do, whether it's writing something, or a quiz, or a game... Makes no difference to me.
Rules (subject to change at my whim, because I have no idea what kind of crazy thing DP might come up with next):
NO
Nagging
Bragging
Sweating
Fretting
Slurping
Burping
Twittering
Flittering around
STAY PLEASANT
STAY PRESENT
STAY PROUD
Any and all vulgarity will get you killed. Or worse, expelled.
If your grammar is atrocious, I will find you, I will skiiiiiiiiiiin yooooooooou, and then I will turn you into shoes.
Opening challenge: How many subtle references can you make in your first post?
Thanks for playing, and have a splendid game!
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Everyone is welcome! PM me or friend me if you'd like to play.
This is a somewhat average game of Werewolves eating decent Brainglers, and therefore you must stop them before you're all goners, because that's the whole point of the game, right?
Every round I will post a challenge of some sort, with a clue or immunity being the prize for the winner. I'll take suggestions as to what you might want to do, whether it's writing something, or a quiz, or a game... Makes no difference to me.
Rules (subject to change at my whim, because I have no idea what kind of crazy thing DP might come up with next):
NO
Nagging
Bragging
Sweating
Fretting
Slurping
Burping
Twittering
Flittering around
STAY PLEASANT
STAY PRESENT
STAY PROUD
Any and all vulgarity will get you killed. Or worse, expelled.
If your grammar is atrocious, I will find you, I will skiiiiiiiiiiin yooooooooou, and then I will turn you into shoes.
Opening challenge: How many subtle references can you make in your first post?
Thanks for playing, and have a splendid game!
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I am all in! Ready for the long haul!! And ready to jump in my TARDIS and find the Big Bad Wolves!
The faster I type in my password, the more secret agent-y I feel.
The faster I type in my password, the more secret agent-y I feel.
Hi! Just one question, Nic:
Soap
For other uses, see Soap (disambiguation).
A collection of decorative soaps, often found in hotels
Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical soap.
In chemistry, soap is a salt of a fatty acid.[1] Soaps are mainly used as surfactants for washing, bathing, and cleaning, but they are also used in textile spinning and are important components of lubricants. Soaps for cleansing are obtained by treating vegetable or animal oils and fats with a strongly alkaline solution. Fats and oils are composed of triglycerides; three molecules of fatty acids are attached to a single molecule of glycerol.[2] The alkaline solution, which is often called lye (although the term "lye soap" refers almost exclusively to soaps made with sodium hydroxide), brings about a chemical reaction known as saponification. In this reaction, the triglyceride fats are first hydrolyzed into free fatty acids, and then these combine with the alkali to form crude soap, an amalgam of various soap salts, excess fat or alkali, water, and liberated glycerol (glycerin). The glycerin is a useful by-product, which can be left in the soap product as a softening agent, or isolated for other uses.[2]
Soaps are key components of most lubricating greases, which are usually emulsions of calcium soap or lithium soaps and mineral oil. These calcium- and lithium-based greases are widely used. Many other metallic soaps are also useful, including those of aluminium, sodium, and mixtures of them. Such soaps are also used as thickeners to increase the viscosity of oils. In ancient times, lubricating greases were made by the addition of lime to olive oil.[3]
Mechanism of cleansing soapsEdit
Structure of a micelle, a cell-like structure formed by the aggregation of soap subunits (such as sodium stearate): The exterior of the micelle is hydrophilic (attracted to water) and the interior is lipophilic (attracted to oils).
Action of soap
When used for cleaning, soap allows otherwise insoluble particles to become soluble in water and then be rinsed away. For example: oil/fat is insoluble in water, but when a couple of drops of dish soap are added to the mixture, the oil/fat apparently disappears. The insoluble oil/fat molecules become associated inside micelles, tiny spheres formed from soap molecules with polar hydrophilic (water-attracting) groups on the outside and encasing a lipophilic (fat-attracting) pocket, which shields the oil/fat molecules from the water making it soluble. Anything that is soluble will be washed away with the water. Synthetic detergents operate by similar mechanisms to soap.
Effect of the alkali
The type of alkali metal used determines the kind of soap product. Sodium soaps, prepared from sodium hydroxide, are firm, whereas potassium soaps, derived from potassium hydroxide, are softer or often liquid. Historically, potassium hydroxide was extracted from the ashes of bracken or other plants. Lithium soaps also tend to be hard—these are used exclusively in greases.
Effects of fats
See also: Total fatty matter
Soaps are derivatives of fatty acids. Traditionally they have been made from triglycerides (oils and fats).[4] Triglyceride is the chemical name for the triesters of fatty acids and glycerin. Tallow, i.e., rendered beef fat, is the most available triglyceride from animals. Its saponified product is called sodium tallowate. Typical vegetable oils used in soap making are palm oil, coconut oil, olive oil, and laurel oil.[5] Each species offers quite different fatty acid content and, hence, results in soaps of distinct feel. The seed oils give softer but milder soaps. Soap made from pure olive oil is sometimes called Castile soap or Marseille soap, and is reputed for being extra mild. The term "Castile" is also sometimes applied to soaps from a mixture of oils, but a high percentage of olive oil.
Fatty acid content of various fats used for soapmaking
Lauric acid Myristic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid Linolenic acid
fats C12 saturated C14 saturated C16 saturated C18 saturated C18 monounsaturated C18 diunsaturated C18 triunsaturated
Tallow 0 4 28 23 35 2 1
Coconut oil 48 18 9 3 7 2 0
Palm kernel oil 46 16 8 3 12 2 0
Laurel oil 54 0 0 0 15 17 0
Olive oil 0 0 11 2 78 10 0
Canola 0 1 3 2 58 9 23
History of cleansing soapsEdit
Early history
Box for Amigo del Obrero (Worker's Friend) soap from the 20th century, part of the Museo del Objeto del Objeto collection
The earliest recorded evidence of the production of soap-like materials dates back to around 2800 BC in ancient Babylon.[6] A formula for soap consisting of water, alkali, and cassia oil was written on a Babylonian clay tablet around 2200 BC.
The Ebers papyrus (Egypt, 1550 BC) indicates the ancient Egyptians bathed regularly and combined animal and vegetable oils with alkaline salts to create a soap-like substance. Egyptian documents mention a soap-like substance was used in the preparation of wool for weaving.[citation needed]
In the reign of Nabonidus (556–539 BC), a recipe for soap consisted of uhulu [ashes], cypress [oil] and sesame [seed oil] "for washing the stones for the servant girls".[7]
Ancient Rome
The word sapo, Latin for soap, first appears in Pliny the Elder's Historia Naturalis, which discusses the manufacture of soap from tallow and ashes, but the only use he mentions for it is as a pomade for hair; he mentions rather disapprovingly that the men of the Gauls and Germans were more likely to use it than their female counterparts.[8] Aretaeus of Cappadocia, writing in the first century AD, observes among "Celts, which are men called Gauls, those alkaline substances that are made into balls [...] called soap".[9]
A popular belief claims soap takes its name from a supposed Mount Sapo, where animal sacrifices were supposed to have taken place; tallow from these sacrifices would then have mixed with ashes from fires associated with these sacrifices and with water to produce soap, but there is no evidence of a Mount Sapo in the Roman world and no evidence for the apocryphal story. The Latin word sapo simply means "soap"; it was likely borrowed from an early Germanic language and is cognate with Latin sebum, "tallow", which appears in Pliny the Elder's account.[10] Roman animal sacrifices usually burned only the bones and inedible entrails of the sacrificed animals; edible meat and fat from the sacrifices were taken by the humans rather than the gods.
Zosimos of Panopolis, circa 300 AD, describes soap and soapmaking.[11] Galen describes soap-making using lye and prescribes washing to carry away impurities from the body and clothes. According to Galen, the best soaps were Germanic, and soaps from Gaul were second best. This is a reference to true soap in antiquity.[11]
Ancient China
Soap, or more accurately a detergent similar to soap, was manufactured in ancient China from vegetation and herbs.[12] True soap, made of animal fat, did not appear in China until the modern era.[13] Soap-like detergents were not as popular as ointments and creams.[12]
Middle East
A 12th-century Islamic document describes the process of soap production.[14] It mentions the key ingredient, alkali, which later becomes crucial to modern chemistry, derived from al-qaly or "ashes".
By the 13th century, the manufacture of soap in the Islamic world had become virtually industrialized, with sources in Nablus, Fes, Damascus, and Aleppo. [15][16]
Medieval Europe
Soapmakers in Naples were members of a guild in the late sixth century,[17] and in the eighth century, soap-making was well known in Italy and Spain.[18] The Carolingian capitulary De Villis, dating to around 800, representing the royal will of Charlemagne, mentions soap as being one of the products the stewards of royal estates are to tally. Soapmaking is mentioned both as "women's work" and as the produce of "good workmen" alongside other necessities, such as the produce of carpenters, blacksmiths, and bakers.[19]
15th–19th centuries
Advertisement for Pears' Soap, 1889
A 1922 magazine advertisement for Palmolive Soap
Liquid soap
Manufacturing process of soaps/detergents
In France, by the second half of the 15th century, the semi-industrialized professional manufacture of soap was concentrated in a few centers of Provence— Toulon, Hyères, and Marseille — which supplied the rest of France.[20] In Marseilles, by 1525, production was concentrated in at least two factories, and soap production at Marseille tended to eclipse the other Provençal centers.[21] English manufacture tended to concentrate in London.[22]
Finer soaps were later produced in Europe from the 16th century, using vegetable oils (such as olive oil) as opposed to animal fats. Many of these soaps are still produced, both industrially and by small-scale artisans. Castile soap is a popular example of the vegetable-only soaps derived from the oldest "white soap" of Italy.
In modern times, the use of soap has become universal in industrialized nations due to a better understanding of the role of hygiene in reducing the population size of pathogenic microorganisms. Industrially manufactured bar soaps first became available in the late 18th century, as advertising campaigns in Europe and the United States promoted popular awareness of the relationship between cleanliness and health.[23]
Until the Industrial Revolution, soapmaking was conducted on a small scale and the product was rough. In 1780 James Keir established a chemical works at Tipton, for the manufacture of alkali from the sulfates of potash and soda, to which he afterwards added a soap manufactory. The method of extraction proceeded on a discovery of Keir's. Andrew Pears started making a high-quality, transparent soap in 1789 in London. His son-in-law, Thomas J. Barratt, opened a factory in Isleworth in 1862.
William Gossage produced low-priced, good-quality soap from the 1850s. Robert Spear Hudson began manufacturing a soap powder in 1837, initially by grinding the soap with a mortar and pestle. American manufacturer Benjamin T. Babbitt introduced marketing innovations that included sale of bar soap and distribution of product samples. William Hesketh Lever and his brother, James, bought a small soap works in Warrington in 1886 and founded what is still one of the largest soap businesses, formerly called Lever Brothers and now called Unilever. These soap businesses were among the first to employ large-scale advertising campaigns.
Liquid soapEdit
See also: Detergent
Liquid soap was not invented until the 1800s; in 1865, William Shepphard patented a liquid version of soap. In 1898, B.J. Johnson developed a soap (made of palm and olive oils); his company (the B.J. Johnson Soap Company) introduced "Palmolive" brand soap that same year. This new brand of the new kind of soap became popular rapidly, and to such a degree that B.J. Johnson Soap Company changed its name to Palmolive. At the turn of the Twentieth Century, Palmolive was the world's best-selling soap.[24]
In the early 1900s, other companies began to develop their own liquid soaps. Such products as Pine-Sol and Tide appeared on the market, making the process of cleaning things other than skin (e.g., clothing, floors, bathrooms) much easier.
As a detergent, liquid soap tends to be more effective than flake soap, and tends to leave less residue on skin, clothes, and surfaces (e.g., wash basins). Liquid soap also works better for more traditional/non-machine washing methods, such as using a washboard.[25]
Soap-making processesEdit
The industrial production of soap involves continuous processes, such as continuous addition of fat and removal of product. Smaller-scale production involves the traditional batch processes. The three variations are: the 'cold process', wherein the reaction takes place substantially at room temperature, the 'semiboiled' or 'hot process', wherein the reaction takes place near the boiling point, and the 'fully boiled process', wherein the reactants are boiled at least once and the glycerol is recovered. There are two types of 'semiboiled' hot process methods. The first is the ITMHP (in the mold hot process)and the second is the CPHP (crockpot hot process). Typically soapmakers choose the hot process methods if they wish to reduce the cure time to a three-day air dry process. Most soapmakers, however, continue to prefer the cold process method. The cold process and hot process (semiboiled) are the simplest and typically used by small artisans and hobbyists producing handmade decorative soaps. The glycerine remains in the soap and the reaction continues for many days after the soap is poured into moulds. The glycerine is left during the hot-process method, but at the high temperature employed, the reaction is practically completed in the kettle, before the soap is poured into moulds. This simple and quick process is employed in small factories all over the world.
Handmade soap from the cold process also differs from industrially made soap in that an excess of fat is used, beyond that needed to consume the alkali (in a cold-pour process, this excess fat is called "superfatting"), and the glycerine left in acts as a moisturizing agent. However, the glycerine also makes the soap softer and less resistant to becoming "mushy" if left wet. Since it is better to add too much oil and have left-over fat, than to add too much lye and have left-over lye, soap produced from the hot process also contains left-over glycerine and its concomitant pros and cons. Further addition of glycerine and processing of this soap produces glycerin soap. Superfatted soap is more skin-friendly than one without extra fat. However, if too much fat is added, it can leave a "greasy" feel to the skin. Sometimes, an emollient additive, such as jojoba oil or shea butter, is added "at trace" (i.e., the point at which the saponification process is sufficiently advanced that the soap has begun to thicken in the cold process method) in the belief that nearly all the lye will be spent and it will escape saponification and remain intact. In the case of hot-process soap, an emollient may be added after the initial oils have saponified so they remain unreacted in the finished soap. Superfatting can also be accomplished through a process known as "lye discount" in which the soap maker uses less alkali than required instead of adding extra fats.
Cold process
The lye is dissolved in water.
Even in the cold soapmaking process, some heat is usually required; the temperature is usually raised to a point sufficient to ensure complete melting of the fat being used. The batch may also be kept warm for some time after mixing to ensure the alkali (hydroxide) is completely used up. This soap is safe to use after about 12–48 hours, but is not at its peak quality for use for several weeks.
Cold-process soapmaking requires exact measurements of lye and fat amounts and computing their ratio, using saponification charts to ensure the finished product does not contain any excess hydroxide or too much free unreacted fat. Saponification charts should also be used in hot processes, but are not necessary for the "fully boiled hot-process" soaping.
Historically, lye used in the cold process was made from scratch using rain water and ashes. Soapmakers deemed the lye solution ready for use when an egg would float in it. Homemade lye making for this process was unpredictable and therefore eventually led to the discovery of the sodium hydroxide by English chemist Sir Humphry Davy in the early 1800s.
A cold-process soapmaker first looks up the saponification value for each unique fat on an oil specification sheet for each fat. Oil specification sheets contain laboratory test results for each fat, including the precise saponification value of the fat. The saponification value for a specific fat will vary by season and by specimen species.[26] This value is used to calculate the exact amount of potassium hydroxide to react with the fat to form soap. The saponification value must be converted into an equivalent sodium hydroxide value for use in cold process soapmaking. Excess unreacted lye in the soap will result in a very high pH and can burn or irritate skin; not enough lye leaves the soap greasy. Most soap makers formulate their recipes with a 2–5% deficit of lye, to account for the unknown deviation of saponification value between their oil batch and laboratory averages.
The lye is dissolved in water. Then oils are heated, or melted if they are solid at room temperature. Once the oils are liquefied and the lye is fully dissolved in water, they are combined. This lye-fat mixture is mixed until the two phases (oils and water) are fully emulsified. Emulsification is most easily identified visually when the soap exhibits some level of "trace", which is the thickening of the mixture. (Modern-day amateur soapmakers often use a stick blender to speed this process). There are varying levels of trace. Depending on how additives will affect trace, they may be added at light trace, medium trace, or heavy trace. After much stirring, the mixture turns to the consistency of a thin pudding. "Trace" corresponds roughly to viscosity. Essential oils and fragrance oils can be added with the initial soaping oils, but solid additives such as botanicals, herbs, oatmeal, or other additives are most commonly added at light trace, just as the mixture starts to thicken.
The batch is then poured into moulds, kept warm with towels or blankets, and left to continue saponification for 12 to 48 hours. (Milk soaps or other soaps with sugars added are the exception. They typically do not require insulation, as the presence of sugar increases the speed of the reaction and thus the production of heat.) During this time, it is normal for the soap to go through a "gel phase", wherein the opaque soap will turn somewhat transparent for several hours, before once again turning opaque.
After the insulation period, the soap is firm enough to be removed from the mould and cut into bars. At this time, it is safe to use the soap, since saponification is in essence complete. However, cold-process soaps are typically cured and hardened on a drying rack for 2–6 weeks before use. During this cure period, trace amounts of residual lye are consumed by saponification and excess water evaporates.
During the curing process, some molecules in the outer layer of the solid soap react with the carbon dioxide of the air and produce a dusty sheet of sodium carbonate. This reaction is more intense if the mass is exposed to wind or low temperatures.
Hot processes
Hot-processed soaps are created by encouraging the saponification reaction by adding heat to speed up the reaction. Unlike cold-processed soap, in hot-process soaping, the oils are completely saponified by the end of the handling period, whereas with cold-pour soap, the bulk of the saponification happens after the oils and lye solution emulsification is poured into molds.
In the hot process, the hydroxide and the fat are heated and mixed together at 80–100 °C, a little below boiling point, until saponification is complete, which, before modern scientific equipment, the soapmaker determined by taste (the sharp, distinctive taste of the hydroxide disappears after it is saponified) or by eye; the experienced eye can tell when gel stage and full saponification has occurred. Beginners can find this information through research and classes. Tasting soap for readiness is not recommended, as sodium and potassium hydroxides, when not saponified, are highly caustic.
An advantage of the fully boiled hot process in soapmaking is the exact amount of hydroxide required need not be known with great accuracy. They originated when the purity of the alkali hydroxides were unreliable, as these processes can use even naturally found alkalis, such as wood ashes and potash deposits. In the fully boiled process, the mix is actually boiled (100+ °C), and, after saponification has occurred, the "neat soap" is precipitated from the solution by adding common salt, and the excess liquid is drained off. This excess liquid carries away with it much of the impurities and color compounds in the fat, to leave a purer, whiter soap, and with practically all the glycerine removed. The hot, soft soap is then pumped into a mould. The spent hydroxide solution is processed for recovery of glycerine.
Molds
Logs of soap after demolding.
Many commercially available soap molds are made of silicone or various types of plastic, although many soapmaking hobbyists may use cardboard boxes lined with a plastic film. Wooden molds lined with silicone sleeves are also readily available to the general public. Soaps can be made in long bars that are cut into individual portions, or cast into individual molds.
Purification and finishing
In the fully boiled process on an industrial scale, the soap is further purified to remove any excess sodium hydroxide, glycerol, and other impurities, colour compounds, etc. These components are removed by boiling the crude soap curds in water and then precipitating the soap with salt.
At this stage, the soap still contains too much water, which has to be removed. This was traditionally done on chill rolls, which produced the soap flakes commonly used in the 1940s and 1950s. This process was superseded by spray dryers and then by vacuum dryers.
The dry soap (about 6–12% moisture) is then compacted into small pellets or noodles. These pellets or noodles are then ready for soap finishing, the process of converting raw soap pellets into a saleable product, usually bars.
Soap pellets are combined with fragrances and other materials and blended to homogeneity in an amalgamator (mixer). The mass is then discharged from the mixer into a refiner, which, by means of an drill, forces the soap through a fine wire screen. From the refiner, the soap passes over a roller mill (French milling or hard milling) in a manner similar to calendering paper or plastic or to making chocolate liquor. The soap is then passed through one or more additional refiners to further plasticize the soap mass. Immediately before extrusion, the mass is passed through a vacuum chamber to remove any trapped air. It is then extruded into a long log or blank, cut to convenient lengths, passed through a metal detector, and then stamped into shape in refrigerated tools. The pressed bars are packaged in many ways.
Sand or pumice may be added to produce a scouring soap. The scouring agents serve to remove dead cells from the skin surface being cleaned. This process is called exfoliation. Many newer materials that are effective, yet do not have the sharp edges and poor particle size distribution of pumice, are used for exfoliating soaps.
Nanoscopic metals are commonly added to certain soaps specifically for both colouration and antibacterial properties. Titanium dioxide powder is commonly used in extreme "white" soaps for these purposes; nickel, aluminium, and silver compounds are less commonly used. These metals exhibit an oligodynamic effect when in contact with bacteria, thereby disrupting their functioning and killing them. Since some of the metal is left behind on the skin and in the pores, the benefit can also extend beyond the actual time of washing, helping reduce bacterial contamination and reducing potential odours from bacteria on the skin surface.[citation needed]
A generic bar of soap, after purification and finishing
Azul e branco soap – a bar of blue-white soap
Handmade soaps sold at a shop in Hyères, France
Traditional Marseille soap
Is that illegal?
Soap
For other uses, see Soap (disambiguation).
A collection of decorative soaps, often found in hotels
Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical soap.
In chemistry, soap is a salt of a fatty acid.[1] Soaps are mainly used as surfactants for washing, bathing, and cleaning, but they are also used in textile spinning and are important components of lubricants. Soaps for cleansing are obtained by treating vegetable or animal oils and fats with a strongly alkaline solution. Fats and oils are composed of triglycerides; three molecules of fatty acids are attached to a single molecule of glycerol.[2] The alkaline solution, which is often called lye (although the term "lye soap" refers almost exclusively to soaps made with sodium hydroxide), brings about a chemical reaction known as saponification. In this reaction, the triglyceride fats are first hydrolyzed into free fatty acids, and then these combine with the alkali to form crude soap, an amalgam of various soap salts, excess fat or alkali, water, and liberated glycerol (glycerin). The glycerin is a useful by-product, which can be left in the soap product as a softening agent, or isolated for other uses.[2]
Soaps are key components of most lubricating greases, which are usually emulsions of calcium soap or lithium soaps and mineral oil. These calcium- and lithium-based greases are widely used. Many other metallic soaps are also useful, including those of aluminium, sodium, and mixtures of them. Such soaps are also used as thickeners to increase the viscosity of oils. In ancient times, lubricating greases were made by the addition of lime to olive oil.[3]
Mechanism of cleansing soapsEdit
Structure of a micelle, a cell-like structure formed by the aggregation of soap subunits (such as sodium stearate): The exterior of the micelle is hydrophilic (attracted to water) and the interior is lipophilic (attracted to oils).
Action of soap
When used for cleaning, soap allows otherwise insoluble particles to become soluble in water and then be rinsed away. For example: oil/fat is insoluble in water, but when a couple of drops of dish soap are added to the mixture, the oil/fat apparently disappears. The insoluble oil/fat molecules become associated inside micelles, tiny spheres formed from soap molecules with polar hydrophilic (water-attracting) groups on the outside and encasing a lipophilic (fat-attracting) pocket, which shields the oil/fat molecules from the water making it soluble. Anything that is soluble will be washed away with the water. Synthetic detergents operate by similar mechanisms to soap.
Effect of the alkali
The type of alkali metal used determines the kind of soap product. Sodium soaps, prepared from sodium hydroxide, are firm, whereas potassium soaps, derived from potassium hydroxide, are softer or often liquid. Historically, potassium hydroxide was extracted from the ashes of bracken or other plants. Lithium soaps also tend to be hard—these are used exclusively in greases.
Effects of fats
See also: Total fatty matter
Soaps are derivatives of fatty acids. Traditionally they have been made from triglycerides (oils and fats).[4] Triglyceride is the chemical name for the triesters of fatty acids and glycerin. Tallow, i.e., rendered beef fat, is the most available triglyceride from animals. Its saponified product is called sodium tallowate. Typical vegetable oils used in soap making are palm oil, coconut oil, olive oil, and laurel oil.[5] Each species offers quite different fatty acid content and, hence, results in soaps of distinct feel. The seed oils give softer but milder soaps. Soap made from pure olive oil is sometimes called Castile soap or Marseille soap, and is reputed for being extra mild. The term "Castile" is also sometimes applied to soaps from a mixture of oils, but a high percentage of olive oil.
Fatty acid content of various fats used for soapmaking
Lauric acid Myristic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid Linolenic acid
fats C12 saturated C14 saturated C16 saturated C18 saturated C18 monounsaturated C18 diunsaturated C18 triunsaturated
Tallow 0 4 28 23 35 2 1
Coconut oil 48 18 9 3 7 2 0
Palm kernel oil 46 16 8 3 12 2 0
Laurel oil 54 0 0 0 15 17 0
Olive oil 0 0 11 2 78 10 0
Canola 0 1 3 2 58 9 23
History of cleansing soapsEdit
Early history
Box for Amigo del Obrero (Worker's Friend) soap from the 20th century, part of the Museo del Objeto del Objeto collection
The earliest recorded evidence of the production of soap-like materials dates back to around 2800 BC in ancient Babylon.[6] A formula for soap consisting of water, alkali, and cassia oil was written on a Babylonian clay tablet around 2200 BC.
The Ebers papyrus (Egypt, 1550 BC) indicates the ancient Egyptians bathed regularly and combined animal and vegetable oils with alkaline salts to create a soap-like substance. Egyptian documents mention a soap-like substance was used in the preparation of wool for weaving.[citation needed]
In the reign of Nabonidus (556–539 BC), a recipe for soap consisted of uhulu [ashes], cypress [oil] and sesame [seed oil] "for washing the stones for the servant girls".[7]
Ancient Rome
The word sapo, Latin for soap, first appears in Pliny the Elder's Historia Naturalis, which discusses the manufacture of soap from tallow and ashes, but the only use he mentions for it is as a pomade for hair; he mentions rather disapprovingly that the men of the Gauls and Germans were more likely to use it than their female counterparts.[8] Aretaeus of Cappadocia, writing in the first century AD, observes among "Celts, which are men called Gauls, those alkaline substances that are made into balls [...] called soap".[9]
A popular belief claims soap takes its name from a supposed Mount Sapo, where animal sacrifices were supposed to have taken place; tallow from these sacrifices would then have mixed with ashes from fires associated with these sacrifices and with water to produce soap, but there is no evidence of a Mount Sapo in the Roman world and no evidence for the apocryphal story. The Latin word sapo simply means "soap"; it was likely borrowed from an early Germanic language and is cognate with Latin sebum, "tallow", which appears in Pliny the Elder's account.[10] Roman animal sacrifices usually burned only the bones and inedible entrails of the sacrificed animals; edible meat and fat from the sacrifices were taken by the humans rather than the gods.
Zosimos of Panopolis, circa 300 AD, describes soap and soapmaking.[11] Galen describes soap-making using lye and prescribes washing to carry away impurities from the body and clothes. According to Galen, the best soaps were Germanic, and soaps from Gaul were second best. This is a reference to true soap in antiquity.[11]
Ancient China
Soap, or more accurately a detergent similar to soap, was manufactured in ancient China from vegetation and herbs.[12] True soap, made of animal fat, did not appear in China until the modern era.[13] Soap-like detergents were not as popular as ointments and creams.[12]
Middle East
A 12th-century Islamic document describes the process of soap production.[14] It mentions the key ingredient, alkali, which later becomes crucial to modern chemistry, derived from al-qaly or "ashes".
By the 13th century, the manufacture of soap in the Islamic world had become virtually industrialized, with sources in Nablus, Fes, Damascus, and Aleppo. [15][16]
Medieval Europe
Soapmakers in Naples were members of a guild in the late sixth century,[17] and in the eighth century, soap-making was well known in Italy and Spain.[18] The Carolingian capitulary De Villis, dating to around 800, representing the royal will of Charlemagne, mentions soap as being one of the products the stewards of royal estates are to tally. Soapmaking is mentioned both as "women's work" and as the produce of "good workmen" alongside other necessities, such as the produce of carpenters, blacksmiths, and bakers.[19]
15th–19th centuries
Advertisement for Pears' Soap, 1889
A 1922 magazine advertisement for Palmolive Soap
Liquid soap
Manufacturing process of soaps/detergents
In France, by the second half of the 15th century, the semi-industrialized professional manufacture of soap was concentrated in a few centers of Provence— Toulon, Hyères, and Marseille — which supplied the rest of France.[20] In Marseilles, by 1525, production was concentrated in at least two factories, and soap production at Marseille tended to eclipse the other Provençal centers.[21] English manufacture tended to concentrate in London.[22]
Finer soaps were later produced in Europe from the 16th century, using vegetable oils (such as olive oil) as opposed to animal fats. Many of these soaps are still produced, both industrially and by small-scale artisans. Castile soap is a popular example of the vegetable-only soaps derived from the oldest "white soap" of Italy.
In modern times, the use of soap has become universal in industrialized nations due to a better understanding of the role of hygiene in reducing the population size of pathogenic microorganisms. Industrially manufactured bar soaps first became available in the late 18th century, as advertising campaigns in Europe and the United States promoted popular awareness of the relationship between cleanliness and health.[23]
Until the Industrial Revolution, soapmaking was conducted on a small scale and the product was rough. In 1780 James Keir established a chemical works at Tipton, for the manufacture of alkali from the sulfates of potash and soda, to which he afterwards added a soap manufactory. The method of extraction proceeded on a discovery of Keir's. Andrew Pears started making a high-quality, transparent soap in 1789 in London. His son-in-law, Thomas J. Barratt, opened a factory in Isleworth in 1862.
William Gossage produced low-priced, good-quality soap from the 1850s. Robert Spear Hudson began manufacturing a soap powder in 1837, initially by grinding the soap with a mortar and pestle. American manufacturer Benjamin T. Babbitt introduced marketing innovations that included sale of bar soap and distribution of product samples. William Hesketh Lever and his brother, James, bought a small soap works in Warrington in 1886 and founded what is still one of the largest soap businesses, formerly called Lever Brothers and now called Unilever. These soap businesses were among the first to employ large-scale advertising campaigns.
Liquid soapEdit
See also: Detergent
Liquid soap was not invented until the 1800s; in 1865, William Shepphard patented a liquid version of soap. In 1898, B.J. Johnson developed a soap (made of palm and olive oils); his company (the B.J. Johnson Soap Company) introduced "Palmolive" brand soap that same year. This new brand of the new kind of soap became popular rapidly, and to such a degree that B.J. Johnson Soap Company changed its name to Palmolive. At the turn of the Twentieth Century, Palmolive was the world's best-selling soap.[24]
In the early 1900s, other companies began to develop their own liquid soaps. Such products as Pine-Sol and Tide appeared on the market, making the process of cleaning things other than skin (e.g., clothing, floors, bathrooms) much easier.
As a detergent, liquid soap tends to be more effective than flake soap, and tends to leave less residue on skin, clothes, and surfaces (e.g., wash basins). Liquid soap also works better for more traditional/non-machine washing methods, such as using a washboard.[25]
Soap-making processesEdit
The industrial production of soap involves continuous processes, such as continuous addition of fat and removal of product. Smaller-scale production involves the traditional batch processes. The three variations are: the 'cold process', wherein the reaction takes place substantially at room temperature, the 'semiboiled' or 'hot process', wherein the reaction takes place near the boiling point, and the 'fully boiled process', wherein the reactants are boiled at least once and the glycerol is recovered. There are two types of 'semiboiled' hot process methods. The first is the ITMHP (in the mold hot process)and the second is the CPHP (crockpot hot process). Typically soapmakers choose the hot process methods if they wish to reduce the cure time to a three-day air dry process. Most soapmakers, however, continue to prefer the cold process method. The cold process and hot process (semiboiled) are the simplest and typically used by small artisans and hobbyists producing handmade decorative soaps. The glycerine remains in the soap and the reaction continues for many days after the soap is poured into moulds. The glycerine is left during the hot-process method, but at the high temperature employed, the reaction is practically completed in the kettle, before the soap is poured into moulds. This simple and quick process is employed in small factories all over the world.
Handmade soap from the cold process also differs from industrially made soap in that an excess of fat is used, beyond that needed to consume the alkali (in a cold-pour process, this excess fat is called "superfatting"), and the glycerine left in acts as a moisturizing agent. However, the glycerine also makes the soap softer and less resistant to becoming "mushy" if left wet. Since it is better to add too much oil and have left-over fat, than to add too much lye and have left-over lye, soap produced from the hot process also contains left-over glycerine and its concomitant pros and cons. Further addition of glycerine and processing of this soap produces glycerin soap. Superfatted soap is more skin-friendly than one without extra fat. However, if too much fat is added, it can leave a "greasy" feel to the skin. Sometimes, an emollient additive, such as jojoba oil or shea butter, is added "at trace" (i.e., the point at which the saponification process is sufficiently advanced that the soap has begun to thicken in the cold process method) in the belief that nearly all the lye will be spent and it will escape saponification and remain intact. In the case of hot-process soap, an emollient may be added after the initial oils have saponified so they remain unreacted in the finished soap. Superfatting can also be accomplished through a process known as "lye discount" in which the soap maker uses less alkali than required instead of adding extra fats.
Cold process
The lye is dissolved in water.
Even in the cold soapmaking process, some heat is usually required; the temperature is usually raised to a point sufficient to ensure complete melting of the fat being used. The batch may also be kept warm for some time after mixing to ensure the alkali (hydroxide) is completely used up. This soap is safe to use after about 12–48 hours, but is not at its peak quality for use for several weeks.
Cold-process soapmaking requires exact measurements of lye and fat amounts and computing their ratio, using saponification charts to ensure the finished product does not contain any excess hydroxide or too much free unreacted fat. Saponification charts should also be used in hot processes, but are not necessary for the "fully boiled hot-process" soaping.
Historically, lye used in the cold process was made from scratch using rain water and ashes. Soapmakers deemed the lye solution ready for use when an egg would float in it. Homemade lye making for this process was unpredictable and therefore eventually led to the discovery of the sodium hydroxide by English chemist Sir Humphry Davy in the early 1800s.
A cold-process soapmaker first looks up the saponification value for each unique fat on an oil specification sheet for each fat. Oil specification sheets contain laboratory test results for each fat, including the precise saponification value of the fat. The saponification value for a specific fat will vary by season and by specimen species.[26] This value is used to calculate the exact amount of potassium hydroxide to react with the fat to form soap. The saponification value must be converted into an equivalent sodium hydroxide value for use in cold process soapmaking. Excess unreacted lye in the soap will result in a very high pH and can burn or irritate skin; not enough lye leaves the soap greasy. Most soap makers formulate their recipes with a 2–5% deficit of lye, to account for the unknown deviation of saponification value between their oil batch and laboratory averages.
The lye is dissolved in water. Then oils are heated, or melted if they are solid at room temperature. Once the oils are liquefied and the lye is fully dissolved in water, they are combined. This lye-fat mixture is mixed until the two phases (oils and water) are fully emulsified. Emulsification is most easily identified visually when the soap exhibits some level of "trace", which is the thickening of the mixture. (Modern-day amateur soapmakers often use a stick blender to speed this process). There are varying levels of trace. Depending on how additives will affect trace, they may be added at light trace, medium trace, or heavy trace. After much stirring, the mixture turns to the consistency of a thin pudding. "Trace" corresponds roughly to viscosity. Essential oils and fragrance oils can be added with the initial soaping oils, but solid additives such as botanicals, herbs, oatmeal, or other additives are most commonly added at light trace, just as the mixture starts to thicken.
The batch is then poured into moulds, kept warm with towels or blankets, and left to continue saponification for 12 to 48 hours. (Milk soaps or other soaps with sugars added are the exception. They typically do not require insulation, as the presence of sugar increases the speed of the reaction and thus the production of heat.) During this time, it is normal for the soap to go through a "gel phase", wherein the opaque soap will turn somewhat transparent for several hours, before once again turning opaque.
After the insulation period, the soap is firm enough to be removed from the mould and cut into bars. At this time, it is safe to use the soap, since saponification is in essence complete. However, cold-process soaps are typically cured and hardened on a drying rack for 2–6 weeks before use. During this cure period, trace amounts of residual lye are consumed by saponification and excess water evaporates.
During the curing process, some molecules in the outer layer of the solid soap react with the carbon dioxide of the air and produce a dusty sheet of sodium carbonate. This reaction is more intense if the mass is exposed to wind or low temperatures.
Hot processes
Hot-processed soaps are created by encouraging the saponification reaction by adding heat to speed up the reaction. Unlike cold-processed soap, in hot-process soaping, the oils are completely saponified by the end of the handling period, whereas with cold-pour soap, the bulk of the saponification happens after the oils and lye solution emulsification is poured into molds.
In the hot process, the hydroxide and the fat are heated and mixed together at 80–100 °C, a little below boiling point, until saponification is complete, which, before modern scientific equipment, the soapmaker determined by taste (the sharp, distinctive taste of the hydroxide disappears after it is saponified) or by eye; the experienced eye can tell when gel stage and full saponification has occurred. Beginners can find this information through research and classes. Tasting soap for readiness is not recommended, as sodium and potassium hydroxides, when not saponified, are highly caustic.
An advantage of the fully boiled hot process in soapmaking is the exact amount of hydroxide required need not be known with great accuracy. They originated when the purity of the alkali hydroxides were unreliable, as these processes can use even naturally found alkalis, such as wood ashes and potash deposits. In the fully boiled process, the mix is actually boiled (100+ °C), and, after saponification has occurred, the "neat soap" is precipitated from the solution by adding common salt, and the excess liquid is drained off. This excess liquid carries away with it much of the impurities and color compounds in the fat, to leave a purer, whiter soap, and with practically all the glycerine removed. The hot, soft soap is then pumped into a mould. The spent hydroxide solution is processed for recovery of glycerine.
Molds
Logs of soap after demolding.
Many commercially available soap molds are made of silicone or various types of plastic, although many soapmaking hobbyists may use cardboard boxes lined with a plastic film. Wooden molds lined with silicone sleeves are also readily available to the general public. Soaps can be made in long bars that are cut into individual portions, or cast into individual molds.
Purification and finishing
In the fully boiled process on an industrial scale, the soap is further purified to remove any excess sodium hydroxide, glycerol, and other impurities, colour compounds, etc. These components are removed by boiling the crude soap curds in water and then precipitating the soap with salt.
At this stage, the soap still contains too much water, which has to be removed. This was traditionally done on chill rolls, which produced the soap flakes commonly used in the 1940s and 1950s. This process was superseded by spray dryers and then by vacuum dryers.
The dry soap (about 6–12% moisture) is then compacted into small pellets or noodles. These pellets or noodles are then ready for soap finishing, the process of converting raw soap pellets into a saleable product, usually bars.
Soap pellets are combined with fragrances and other materials and blended to homogeneity in an amalgamator (mixer). The mass is then discharged from the mixer into a refiner, which, by means of an drill, forces the soap through a fine wire screen. From the refiner, the soap passes over a roller mill (French milling or hard milling) in a manner similar to calendering paper or plastic or to making chocolate liquor. The soap is then passed through one or more additional refiners to further plasticize the soap mass. Immediately before extrusion, the mass is passed through a vacuum chamber to remove any trapped air. It is then extruded into a long log or blank, cut to convenient lengths, passed through a metal detector, and then stamped into shape in refrigerated tools. The pressed bars are packaged in many ways.
Sand or pumice may be added to produce a scouring soap. The scouring agents serve to remove dead cells from the skin surface being cleaned. This process is called exfoliation. Many newer materials that are effective, yet do not have the sharp edges and poor particle size distribution of pumice, are used for exfoliating soaps.
Nanoscopic metals are commonly added to certain soaps specifically for both colouration and antibacterial properties. Titanium dioxide powder is commonly used in extreme "white" soaps for these purposes; nickel, aluminium, and silver compounds are less commonly used. These metals exhibit an oligodynamic effect when in contact with bacteria, thereby disrupting their functioning and killing them. Since some of the metal is left behind on the skin and in the pores, the benefit can also extend beyond the actual time of washing, helping reduce bacterial contamination and reducing potential odours from bacteria on the skin surface.[citation needed]
A generic bar of soap, after purification and finishing
Azul e branco soap – a bar of blue-white soap
Handmade soaps sold at a shop in Hyères, France
Traditional Marseille soap
Is that illegal?
I was going to post "Song of Myself" by Walt Whitman, but apparently it had curse words in it and I was too lazy to find them, so Wikipedia article on soap it was.
... When I said "references," that is not what I meant.
And of what, specifically, do you question the legality?
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
And of what, specifically, do you question the legality?
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I mean are you going to make a ridiculous rule against it?
Yes. Don't do things that will bother the mod.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I will leeeeeeeeave.
Uh huh. Tell me why I don't believe you.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Post from dangerouspie101 deleted on 2014-06-13 18:40:38.
I SAID NO. YOU'LL SCARE POTENTIAL PLAYERS AWAY.
Go find Arch or something.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Go find Arch or something.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Don't spam this game or I will find you.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
But... You... Noooooo
Yes. Don't test me.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I don't get subtle references!
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Emma2662 wrote:
You mean the ones we've made or you just have no idea what they are?
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I don't get subtle references!
You mean the ones we've made or you just have no idea what they are?
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
i hav no clue what they r
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So long, and thanks for all the fish.
I am so, so sorry.
Fandom references are... Well, they're kinda like... It's... Uh...
But, I suppose
First, you must understand what a fandom is. I suggest tumblr for more information.
You've got Sherlockians. World's only consulting fandom.
You've got Whovians. That fandom is bigger on the inside.
You've got Supernatural. They have a gif for everything...
And all the other fandoms know it.
Together they make up SuperWhoLock.
They're like the "Big Three" of fandoms.
Sherlock is Zeus, because he's an arrogant jerk. (But we love him anyway.)
Doctor Who is Poseidon because THERE IS NOTHING BUT TEARS.
And Supernatural is Hades, because, for obvious reasons, they spend waaaay too much time in Hell. (And I mean that quite literally.)
Then there's the Merlin fandom, who can be found crying in the corner more often than not.
(But it's SO worth it.)
And then, of course, there's the Harry Potter fandom. If you don't know about this one then you've been living under a rock.
And that's pretty much the basics about fandoms, how to make a relevant reference, and all that stuff in the middle.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Fandom references are... Well, they're kinda like... It's... Uh...
But, I suppose
First, you must understand what a fandom is. I suggest tumblr for more information.
You've got Sherlockians. World's only consulting fandom.
You've got Whovians. That fandom is bigger on the inside.
You've got Supernatural. They have a gif for everything...
And all the other fandoms know it.
Together they make up SuperWhoLock.
They're like the "Big Three" of fandoms.
Sherlock is Zeus, because he's an arrogant jerk. (But we love him anyway.)
Doctor Who is Poseidon because THERE IS NOTHING BUT TEARS.
And Supernatural is Hades, because, for obvious reasons, they spend waaaay too much time in Hell. (And I mean that quite literally.)
Then there's the Merlin fandom, who can be found crying in the corner more often than not.
(But it's SO worth it.)
And then, of course, there's the Harry Potter fandom. If you don't know about this one then you've been living under a rock.
And that's pretty much the basics about fandoms, how to make a relevant reference, and all that stuff in the middle.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Well, that's the basics around fandoms. Keep in mid there's quite a few more of them.
References are more or less when you refer to something within a fandom. Quotes, inside jokes... Etc.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
References are more or less when you refer to something within a fandom. Quotes, inside jokes... Etc.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I LOVE DOCTOR WHO!!!!
The faster I type in my password, the more secret agent-y I feel.
The faster I type in my password, the more secret agent-y I feel.
*raises hand* I choose to ignore those fandoms and instead drink something that is almost, but not entirely, unlike tea.
YOUNG LADY YOU ARE TEARING THIS FAMILY APART.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
kmrutledge wrote:
Hence the avatar, perhaps?
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I LOVE DOCTOR WHO!!!!
Hence the avatar, perhaps?
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
What are you going to do, give me a time out?
I still dont get it
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dangerouspie101 wrote:
Watch me.
Well Em, see if DP or KMR will explain a fandom reference to you. My entire post was reference after reference and all you have to do is basically quote a movie or book or tv show within a conversation.
Ex:
*me reading Harry Potter when I'm 89 years old*
Grandkids: "after all this time?"
Me: "always."
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
What are you going to do, give me a time out?
Watch me.
Well Em, see if DP or KMR will explain a fandom reference to you. My entire post was reference after reference and all you have to do is basically quote a movie or book or tv show within a conversation.
Ex:
*me reading Harry Potter when I'm 89 years old*
Grandkids: "after all this time?"
Me: "always."
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
A fandom reference is a reference to a fandom. A subtle reference is a small reference to something else!
The faster I type in my password, the more secret agent-y I feel.
The faster I type in my password, the more secret agent-y I feel.
So there's this beautiful, indescribable series called The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Everything that I've made references to is from that series. Basically a fandom is a group of people who like/obsess over something. They write fanfictions, have heated debates, role play, etc. A fandom reference is basically saying something deriving from that fandom that only people in the fandom would know or understand. If I were to say, "Emma, do you know where your towel is?", I would be making a fandom reference to Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. A subtle reference would be making a fandom reference in a discrete manner.
ok this is just an example.
My friend died of cancer just like Augustus Waters.
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My friend died of cancer just like Augustus Waters.
Subscribe to me on ifunny!!!
Uh, no. That's not a reference. It would be something closer to...
DP: What do you mean I can't be annoying?!
Me: it's a metaphor.
KMR: I would like to be referred to as "stormageddon, dark lord of all," okay?
Me: okay.
KMR: okay.
Me: okay.
...
And so on. You just made a sound observation/comparison.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
DP: What do you mean I can't be annoying?!
Me: it's a metaphor.
KMR: I would like to be referred to as "stormageddon, dark lord of all," okay?
Me: okay.
KMR: okay.
Me: okay.
...
And so on. You just made a sound observation/comparison.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I won't get offended if you guys want to join scrubbs game and ditch out on this one.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I wouldn't dare. I may be annoying but you're stuck with me.
No, I'm serious. I hate waiting for these games to start. If you want, I'll follow you, but I don't want to sit here for a month with only the four of us in this game.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I'll wait another week but after that I am going to get in another game. No offense to you CG, but your games never seem to start very quickly! LOL
The faster I type in my password, the more secret agent-y I feel.
The faster I type in my password, the more secret agent-y I feel.
could i skip this round ecause i am so confused.
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I'll wait as long as necessary for it to start.... But I'll follow you to another game if you decide to cancel.
My games hardly ever start quickly, but people do seem to like them...
Em, try tumblr.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Em, try tumblr.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Hi guys!
Aguamenti (Water-Making Spell)
Aguamenti 786x786
Aguamenti
Pronunciation:AH-gwah-MEN-tee
Description: Produces a fountain or jet of water from the wand tip.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Fleur Delacour in 1994 to extinguish her skirt, which had caught flame during a fight against a dragon. Harry used this spell twice in 1997, both on the same night; once to attempt to provide a drink for Dumbledore, then again to help douse Hagrid's hut after it was set aflame by Thorfinn Rowle, who used the Fire-Making Spell.
Etymology: Possibly a hybrid of Latin words aqua, which means "water", and mentis, which means "mind".
fear my cuteness.
Aguamenti (Water-Making Spell)
Aguamenti 786x786
Aguamenti
Pronunciation:AH-gwah-MEN-tee
Description: Produces a fountain or jet of water from the wand tip.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Fleur Delacour in 1994 to extinguish her skirt, which had caught flame during a fight against a dragon. Harry used this spell twice in 1997, both on the same night; once to attempt to provide a drink for Dumbledore, then again to help douse Hagrid's hut after it was set aflame by Thorfinn Rowle, who used the Fire-Making Spell.
Etymology: Possibly a hybrid of Latin words aqua, which means "water", and mentis, which means "mind".
fear my cuteness.
Post from MDCTeasers deleted on 2014-06-19 22:21:44.
Soap isn't illegal. Annoying the mod is.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Um. I'll give this a week, then do something else, because if there aren't any more players in a week, well then... um... bye.
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
Kid, as a warning, games usually don't fill up too fast around here. You might have to be patient. I'm still here because I've had a few people PM me about joining, and this is the fullest of the available games.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I have lots of personal experience with that, thank you. I was sitting in alli's for 2 weeks and then she restarted it with less players, and then that one was sitting for 2 months. So yes, thank you. You can see that games take rather... a long time to start. It'll probably go quicker when Stevie's and Scrubb's and trixfrank's and poofi's ends, because then we'll have more players who were in those games.
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
Oh yeah: shenqiang's game has been up for about three months and not a single person has signed up.
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
They used to fill up so quickly....
Depends on the mod and theme. Rhythmic's games were quick.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I didnt have time to read DP's Brilliant novel!!! ( is sarcasm a fit here??)...
OHH it is subtleness...Alas, I will probably loose because as everyone KNOWS, It is my weak point...
the stronger the fed govt gets the less you free you will be,,,,This is a no brainer...
OHH it is subtleness...Alas, I will probably loose because as everyone KNOWS, It is my weak point...
the stronger the fed govt gets the less you free you will be,,,,This is a no brainer...
I just log WINS! You guys create my obstacles!!!!!
See you in the Winners Circle!!!!!
BTW MDC is ALWAYS a Wolf!!!!!
the stronger the fed govt gets the less you free you will be,,,,This is a no brainer...
See you in the Winners Circle!!!!!
BTW MDC is ALWAYS a Wolf!!!!!
the stronger the fed govt gets the less you free you will be,,,,This is a no brainer...
Har, IKR! MDC always seems to be a wolf for some reason!
The faster I type in my password, the more secret agent-y I feel.
The faster I type in my password, the more secret agent-y I feel.
In the same way I'm always the rat in WTB...
Wait Har, what?
Wait Har, what?
Just scrolling through the posts and I see a Supernatural GIF. I love you.
Anyways, this game seems fun. I'm in!
Anyways, this game seems fun. I'm in!
SirHar wrote:
kmrutledge wrote:
Um... I think you might realize that was my first game being a wolf... I was a human in Hunger Games, Chapcylindar, Hogwarts House Game, and Werewolf Reversed! So... how am I always a wolf.
EDIT: And I didn't vote on you har.
---This message was edited on 2014-06-22 13:02:47---
fear my cuteness.
I just log WINS! You guys create my obstacles!!!!!
See you in the Winners Circle!!!!!
BTW MDC is ALWAYS a Wolf!!!!!
See you in the Winners Circle!!!!!
BTW MDC is ALWAYS a Wolf!!!!!
kmrutledge wrote:
Har, IKR! MDC always seems to be a wolf for some reason!
Um... I think you might realize that was my first game being a wolf... I was a human in Hunger Games, Chapcylindar, Hogwarts House Game, and Werewolf Reversed! So... how am I always a wolf.
EDIT: And I didn't vote on you har.
---This message was edited on 2014-06-22 13:02:47---
fear my cuteness.
christiangrl wrote:
That's gotta be the best pirate I MEAN post I've ever seen.
I mean, I had a bad feeling about this game, but then I realized it's dangerous to go alone! Take this!
So, anyway, this game sounds fun. Everything's made up and the points don't matter right? Wait, hold your tacos!
There's immunities and clues to save others and yourself from Death Mountain? That's...DO NIT GIVE IT WATER OR IT WILL EXPLODE AND IT ONLY HAS 5 MINUTES BATTERY LIFE BUT OTHER THAN THAT IT'S TOTALLY RAD!
So, THE WOLVES SHALL NOT PASS! Unless I'm a wolf, in which case THERE WILL BE BLOOD TONIGHT!
However, a house divided against itself...would be totally awesome and I'd need to see that.
Well, I guess I was late to join this game, but you could've turned me into a stopwatch so I'd at least be on time!
I mean really?
Dear Stevie,
Please come to the WWG. I've made a game for you.
Sincerely, Princess CG, Peach
---This message was edited on 2014-06-21 09:24:43---
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
Hello newcomers, old comers, and comers that are more recent comers than old comers but still aren't quite newcomers!
Everyone is welcome! PM me or friend me if you'd like to play.
This is a somewhat average game of Werewolves eating decent Brainglers, and therefore you must stop them before you're all goners, because that's the whole point of the game, right?
Every round I will post a challenge of some sort, with a clue or immunity being the prize for the winner. I'll take suggestions as to what you might want to do, whether it's writing something, or a quiz, or a game... Makes no difference to me.
Rules (subject to change at my whim, because I have no idea what kind of crazy thing DP might come up with next):
NO
Nagging
Bragging
Sweating
Fretting
Slurping
Burping
Twittering
Flittering around
STAY PLEASANT
STAY PRESENT
STAY PROUD
Any and all vulgarity will get you killed. Or worse, expelled.
If your grammar is atrocious, I will find you, I will skiiiiiiiiiiin yooooooooou, and then I will turn you into shoes.
Opening challenge: How many subtle references can you make in your first post?
Thanks for playing, and have a splendid game!
Everyone is welcome! PM me or friend me if you'd like to play.
This is a somewhat average game of Werewolves eating decent Brainglers, and therefore you must stop them before you're all goners, because that's the whole point of the game, right?
Every round I will post a challenge of some sort, with a clue or immunity being the prize for the winner. I'll take suggestions as to what you might want to do, whether it's writing something, or a quiz, or a game... Makes no difference to me.
Rules (subject to change at my whim, because I have no idea what kind of crazy thing DP might come up with next):
NO
Nagging
Bragging
Sweating
Fretting
Slurping
Burping
Twittering
Flittering around
STAY PLEASANT
STAY PRESENT
STAY PROUD
Any and all vulgarity will get you killed. Or worse, expelled.
If your grammar is atrocious, I will find you, I will skiiiiiiiiiiin yooooooooou, and then I will turn you into shoes.
Opening challenge: How many subtle references can you make in your first post?
Thanks for playing, and have a splendid game!
That's gotta be the best pirate I MEAN post I've ever seen.
I mean, I had a bad feeling about this game, but then I realized it's dangerous to go alone! Take this!
So, anyway, this game sounds fun. Everything's made up and the points don't matter right? Wait, hold your tacos!
There's immunities and clues to save others and yourself from Death Mountain? That's...DO NIT GIVE IT WATER OR IT WILL EXPLODE AND IT ONLY HAS 5 MINUTES BATTERY LIFE BUT OTHER THAN THAT IT'S TOTALLY RAD!
So, THE WOLVES SHALL NOT PASS! Unless I'm a wolf, in which case THERE WILL BE BLOOD TONIGHT!
However, a house divided against itself...would be totally awesome and I'd need to see that.
Well, I guess I was late to join this game, but you could've turned me into a stopwatch so I'd at least be on time!
I mean really?
Dear Stevie,
Please come to the WWG. I've made a game for you.
Sincerely, Princess CG, Peach
---This message was edited on 2014-06-21 09:24:43---
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
Nice post, Stevie.
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
Thank you, young padawan.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
Um, what shows that you're a Jedi Knight/Master?
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
You didn't let me finish earlier, because I died. The only thing you need to be special, is to believe that you can be. I know that sounds like a cat poster, but it's true.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
If this game doesn't fill up within the next 2-3 weeks, then I'm afraid I'll have to unjoin, because I'm going on vacation.
I wrote this like 2 hours ago, but I just noticed I didn't post it.
Queen stays queen, adios!
I wrote this like 2 hours ago, but I just noticed I didn't post it.
Queen stays queen, adios!
That's funny!
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
I am going on vacation in a week or so. I plan to have wifi, but if I don't I will use my sisters phone or something! I will stay active.
Okay, good!
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
Stevie, I'm very impressed with your first post.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Wait, people actually read these long posts?
I will when they have to do with the game.
I will when they have to do with the game.
christiangrl wrote:
Aw, thanks! Did you get all of the references?
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
Stevie, I'm very impressed with your first post.
Aw, thanks! Did you get all of the references?
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
sciencesteven wrote:
Many. Very many, in fact, which should impress you because I'm not in some of those. All credit goes to tumblr.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
christiangrl wrote:
Aw, thanks! Did you get all of the references?
Stevie, I'm very impressed with your first post.
Aw, thanks! Did you get all of the references?
Many. Very many, in fact, which should impress you because I'm not in some of those. All credit goes to tumblr.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Hehe. Did anything confuse you?
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
sciencesteven wrote:
The pineapple did.
Hehe. Did anything confuse you?
The pineapple did.
Did any of you guys get "DO NOT GIVE IT WATER OR IT WILL EXPLODE AND IT ONLY HAS 5 MINUTES BATTERY LIFE BUT OTHER THAN THAT IT'S TOTALLY RAD!"?
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
Um... no.
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
I am really looking forward to this game starting...6 more people
Wow, I am overwhelmed by the intense level of references. I typically just sneak in lyrics from my favorite musicals every now and then. Or other musicals if the lyrics fit.
As for fandoms, I've started to watch Doctor Who and am pretty much obsessed now (and, of course, have fallen in love with the Tenth Doctor). Harry Potter, Hunger Games, Divergent, and then there are my musicals. I have nine, maybe ten, favorites and would fangirl about them if anyone cared enough to listen. (Here's my list: Les Mis, Wicked, Aida, Matilda, Into the Woods, Assassins, Sweeney Todd, 1776, Next to Normal, and maybe Jekyll and Hyde.)
I get way too obsessed with many things but they don't all have fandoms, so I just fangirl on my own. Am I crazy? (Yes.)
This game should be fun!
---This message was edited on 2014-06-29 11:00:19---
As for fandoms, I've started to watch Doctor Who and am pretty much obsessed now (and, of course, have fallen in love with the Tenth Doctor). Harry Potter, Hunger Games, Divergent, and then there are my musicals. I have nine, maybe ten, favorites and would fangirl about them if anyone cared enough to listen. (Here's my list: Les Mis, Wicked, Aida, Matilda, Into the Woods, Assassins, Sweeney Todd, 1776, Next to Normal, and maybe Jekyll and Hyde.)
I get way too obsessed with many things but they don't all have fandoms, so I just fangirl on my own. Am I crazy? (Yes.)
This game should be fun!
---This message was edited on 2014-06-29 11:00:19---
Psh, crazy? I was crazy once. They put me in a room. A round room with round walls. Round rubber walls. There were rats. Round rats. Round rubber rats. They drove me crazy. Crazy? I was crazy once... *repeat as desired with increasingly higher pitched voice, insanity, speed, and volume* *learned that from a rude person*
In other news: fantastic, kitty! Guys, you honestly have no idea how much I love the references you're making. This is just brilliant.
4 MORE BRAINGLERS.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
In other news: fantastic, kitty! Guys, you honestly have no idea how much I love the references you're making. This is just brilliant.
4 MORE BRAINGLERS.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I do love making references. I don't know when I really got into fandoms. Maybe it was when someone smashed my door down with a pink umbrella, maybe it was when I was kicked out of Yancy, maybe it was when I was told to go somewhere whether convenient or not, maybe it was when I was told I was different and had to make a choice, maybe it was when I volunteered or maybe it was when my Angel was kidnapped. Okay? (Someone better say the second half)
Edit: You guys should check out this Etsy shop. It has so much cool stuff in it! Little Trinkets 8D
---This message was edited on 2014-06-23 20:16:52---
Queen stays queen, adios!
Edit: You guys should check out this Etsy shop. It has so much cool stuff in it! Little Trinkets 8D
---This message was edited on 2014-06-23 20:16:52---
Queen stays queen, adios!
Yay! You finished it correctly!
Queen stays queen, adios!
Queen stays queen, adios!
Hey kitty! Haven't seen you in a long time!
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
I stand corrected. 6 more players.
My dad started watching Sherlock. I'm not sure how I feel about this yet.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
My dad started watching Sherlock. I'm not sure how I feel about this yet.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Well. That certainly was intelligent. So constructive.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Are my games really that bad?
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Tell me who left. I'm going to kill him/her.
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
Fleetie, I think.
Queen stays queen, adios!
Queen stays queen, adios!
RUDE. NO KILLING PEOPLE.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Killing people is selfish, and is therefore, self-serving. We will not stand for any of that.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
*raises hand* I am not opposed to killing. LET THE KILLING COMMENCE.
Um... yeah.
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
dangerouspie101 wrote:
*ties Jess to a chair and puts in timeout* No, you sadistic lunatic.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
*raises hand* I am not opposed to killing. LET THE KILLING COMMENCE.
*ties Jess to a chair and puts in timeout* No, you sadistic lunatic.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Nooooooooooooooo I DISALLOW THIS! I DISALLOW THIS IMMENSELY. *summons Maxwheel to help kill people*
hi. *unties DP from chair* *hands her a kbife*
We are always sometimes monsters.
We are always sometimes monsters.
Attention: *so says the nationally qualified (freshman year, mind you) policy debater* This is your mod of the ADoR WWG. I am closely monitoring all of your death threats and any attempts on the lives of another organism. If you do not cease attempts immediately, I will unleash the entire payload of advanced highly confusing debate knowledge and bombard your location. You have two posts to confirm your compliance. Refusal to do so will result in your mind implosion. And if you test me, you will fail.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I disagree. I disagree fullheartedly.
I comply to NOTHING!!! for I am ME...I can probably live with YOUR rule 2 and 3 for I am "present and proud"...but rule 1 about pleasent ...I can NOT guarentee you that i will fall into your pleasent category,....For I am a Man of truth....and sometimes the TRUTH isn't pleasent...
you can mod fire if you wish but I Assure you I will BE ME!!!!...
the stronger the fed govt gets the less you free you will be,,,,This is a no brainer...
you can mod fire if you wish but I Assure you I will BE ME!!!!...
the stronger the fed govt gets the less you free you will be,,,,This is a no brainer...
*disagrees as well* *kills Har*
We are always sometimes monsters.
We are always sometimes monsters.
SirHar wrote:
you can mod fire if you wish but I Assure you I will BE ME!!!!...
No she can't.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
you can mod fire if you wish but I Assure you I will BE ME!!!!...
No she can't.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
modfiring is only in WTB
We are always sometimes monsters.
We are always sometimes monsters.
Well, I daresay I have a bit of influence in the werewolf world, so I can ask them very politely to remove you.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I disagree with the killing.
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
Hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!
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It appears the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few, or the one. I am in. Perhaps we will start soon.
Hi guys!
Okay, CG, I have a deal for you. How about you let us kill people, and we, in turn, will give you the opportunity to attempt to stop us from killing people? I dare say that's a fair deal.
Okay, CG, I have a deal for you. How about you let us kill people, and we, in turn, will give you the opportunity to attempt to stop us from killing people? I dare say that's a fair deal.
i second that proposition
We are always sometimes monsters.
We are always sometimes monsters.
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NIIIIIIIC REMOVE IT!!!!
You're yet to give me a good reason to forbid winking. As I recall, you seem to think you can kill people despite my protests. Why, in turn, should I help you, child?
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Another Year has passed me by..still I look at myself and cry....What kind of Man have I become???I Spend LIFE and sell my soul on road ...and I/m Still in the dark ..cause I Can't seem to find the light ALONE.......
Sometimes I FEEL like a man in the wilderness ....I'm a lonely Soldier off to war........Sent away to DIE NEVER Quite knowing WHY???????? Sometimes it makes no sense at all.....
the stronger the fed govt gets the less you free you will be,,,,This is a no brainer...
Sometimes I FEEL like a man in the wilderness ....I'm a lonely Soldier off to war........Sent away to DIE NEVER Quite knowing WHY???????? Sometimes it makes no sense at all.....
the stronger the fed govt gets the less you free you will be,,,,This is a no brainer...
Fleetie i Got your towel>>>> Trust me on THIS one!!!!
the stronger the fed govt gets the less you free you will be,,,,This is a no brainer...
the stronger the fed govt gets the less you free you will be,,,,This is a no brainer...
Chrissy I will do my best to chalk a win in THIS game, but I will NOT have MY FREE RITE to SPEECH IMPAIRED by YOU or any of you blockheads!!!! DP,,,,What are you even talking about???? Listen to YOURSELF!!!! good grief I hope I am a wolf with fleetie and Mad Max>>>>>at least they are REAL PEOPLE!!!!!
the stronger the fed govt gets the less you free you will be,,,,This is a no brainer...
the stronger the fed govt gets the less you free you will be,,,,This is a no brainer...
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Are you inferring that the rest of us aren't, Har?
*grabs Poké Ball* Yes, Jess, I believe he was. Go! Tyrantrum!
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
yay
We are always sometimes monsters.
We are always sometimes monsters.
I'm going to go join snowy's game, sorry. After it ends I'll come back though.
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
WHYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
MDC!
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SirHar wrote:
Even if I wanted to, I seriously doubt I could hold any of your speech back.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Chrissy I will do my best to chalk a win in THIS game, but I will NOT have MY FREE RITE to SPEECH IMPAIRED by YOU or any of you blockheads!!!! DP,,,,What are you even talking about???? Listen to YOURSELF!!!! good grief I hope I am a wolf with fleetie and Mad Max>>>>>at least they are REAL PEOPLE!!!!!
Even if I wanted to, I seriously doubt I could hold any of your speech back.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Well.. I thought some and decided that this game is worth the wait. I'm pretty sure cg won't do another one of these, but snowy does her simple ones all the time. So, I'm staying.
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
good mdc
We are always sometimes monsters.
We are always sometimes monsters.
Anyway I can't now.
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
Wow, thank you for the high placing on the priority list.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
I don't think this will affect anything because the game hasn't been filling up very fast, but I will be on vacation in New York for the next three days, so hopefully the game doesn't start until Monday!
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BTW this game has been filling up, I don't think it'll start till then.
---This message was edited on 2014-07-04 10:14:46---
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
---This message was edited on 2014-07-04 10:14:46---
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
Uhm... the edit was...
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
A GRAMMAR FIX.
---This message was edited on 2014-07-04 22:48:50---
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
---This message was edited on 2014-07-04 22:48:50---
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
A VERY GOOD FIX, THEN.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
THAT'S NORMALLY WHAT IT IS, MDC.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
I KNOW, STEVIE, BUT SOMETIMES IT ISN'T.
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
I'M SAYING, DON'T WORRY ABOUT IT.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
How about we all just caaaallllm down now.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
Sarcastic people with large vocabularies are my favorite.
And look at flashcards! Won't that be fun?
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
Triangle!
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
Dodecahedron!
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Error 404: signature not found
I cant do the challenge
"People can just pretend quotes are from a famous person, you know."-Albert Einstein while working on his Fizzcombobulating Spectaculator
"People can just pretend quotes are from a famous person, you know."-Albert Einstein while working on his Fizzcombobulating Spectaculator
I find your lack of faith...disturbing.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree." -MLK Jr.
2 more! And tmb, REALLY!!!
fear my cuteness.
fear my cuteness.
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